{{Short description, Monarchies existed throughout Ethiopian history This is a list of

monarchies A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy), ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

that existed throughout the nation's

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

. It is divided into

kingdom Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

s that were subdivisions of Ethiopia, and kingdoms that were later conquered by Ethiopia. Ancient kingdoms fall into neither category.

Ancient Ethiopia

* Dʿmt Kingdom (8th century BC – 7th/5th century BC) *

Kingdom of Aksum The Kingdom of Aksum ( gez, መንግሥተ አክሱም, ), also known as the Kingdom of Axum or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom centered in Northeast Africa and South Arabia from Classical antiquity to the Middle Ages. Based primarily in wh ...

– used title '' Nəguśä nägäśt'' ("

King of Kings King of Kings; grc-gre, Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων, Basileùs Basiléōn; hy, արքայից արքա, ark'ayits ark'a; sa, महाराजाधिराज, Mahārājadhirāja; ka, მეფეთ მეფე, ''Mepet mepe'' ...

") like later Emperors, but traditionally called a Kingdom (Early period 5th/4th century BC – 1st century BC; Main period 1st century BC/AD – 7th century; Late Aksumite period 7th century – 9th/10th/11th/12th? century)

Medieval Ethiopia (to 1527)

*Transition from Aksumite period to

Zagwe dynasty The Zagwe dynasty ( Ge'ez: ዛጔ ሥርወ መንግሥት) was an Agaw medieval dynasty that ruled the northern parts of Ethiopia and Eritrea, after the historical name of the Lasta province. Centered at Lalibela, it ruled large parts of the t ...

somewhere between 9th–12th centuries. *Transition from Zagwe dynasty to

Solomonic dynasty The Solomonic dynasty, also known as the House of Solomon, was the ruling dynasty of the Ethiopian Empire formed in the thirteenth century. Its members claim lineal descent from the biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Tradition asserts ...

in 1270.

Vassal Kingdoms

Adal Adal may refer to: *A short form for Germanic names in ''aþala-'' (Old High German ''adal-''), "nobility, pedigree"; see Othalan **Adál Maldonado (1948-2020), Puerto Rican artist **Adal Ramones (born 1969), Mexican television show host **Adal He ...

(see

Walashma dynasty The Walashma dynasty was a medieval Muslim dynasty of the Horn of Africa. Founded in 1285, it was centered in Zeila, and established bases around the Horn of Africa. It governed the Sultanate of Ifat, Ifat and Adal Sultanate, Adal Sultanates in wh ...

) *

Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...

(later Bale) * Damot * Dawaro *

Fetegar A medieval map of Fatagar and surrounding areas Fatagar ( Amharic: ፈጠጋር) was a historical province that separated Muslim and Christian dominions in the medieval Horn of Africa. In the eleventh century it was part of the Muslim states, the ...

Gojjam Gojjam ( ''gōjjām'', originally ጐዛም ''gʷazzam'', later ጐዣም ''gʷažžām'', ጎዣም ''gōžžām'') is a historical province in northwestern Ethiopia, with its capital city at Debre Marqos. Gojjam's earliest western boundary ex ...

* Hadiya * Ifat * Innarya *

Mora Mora may refer to: People * Mora (surname) Places Sweden * Mora, Säter, Sweden * Mora, Sweden, the seat of Mora Municipality * Mora Municipality, Sweden United States * Mora, Louisiana, an unincorporated community * Mora, Minnesota, a city * M ...

* Wag

Annexed Kingdoms

Sultanate of Shewa The Makhzumi dynasty also known as Sultanate of Shewa or Shewa Sultanate, was a Muslim kingdom in present-day Ethiopia. Its capital Walale was situated in northern Hararghe in Harla country. Its territory extended possibly to some areas west of th ...

Post-1527 Kingdoms

Independent

Adal Sultanate The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din ...

(until demise in 1577) *

Emirate of Harar The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud. Prior to its invasion ...

- (independent of Aussa Imamate from 1647; ruled by the Ali dynasty, see

Emirs of Harar The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud. Prior to its invasion ...

)

Kingdoms annexed by the Ethiopian empire in the 19th century

Kingdom of Garo The Kingdom of Garo, also known as Bosha after its ruling dynasty, was an Oromo-Sidama kingdom in the Horn of Africa. Established by the Sidama people, it was situated on the periphery of the Gibe region of Ethiopia. Location The kingdom of Ga ...

or Bosha - foundation 1567 ** title: Tatu ** dynasty: Tegra`i Bushasho dynasty :See: Rulers of Bosha *

Kingdom of Gera The Kingdom of Gera was a kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of ...

** title: Moti :See:

Rulers of the Gibe State of Gera The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Gera. The Gibe kingdom of Gera was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 19th century. List of rulers of the Gibe Kingdom of Gera Source: C. F. Beckingham and ...

Kingdom of Gomma The Kingdom of Gomma was a kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century. It was based in Agaro. Location Gomma shared its northern border with Limmu-Ennarea, its western border with Gumma, its southern border with Ger ...

- foundation 1800 ** title Moti ** dynasty: 'Awulyani dynasty :See: Rulers of the Gibe State of Goma *

Kingdom of Gumma The Kingdom of Gumma was a kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century. Its eastern border was formed by the bend of the Didessa River, which separated it from (proceeding downstream to upstream) Limmu-Ennarea to th ...

** title Moti :See: Rulers of the Gibe State of Guma *

Kingdom of Janjero The Kingdom of Yamma was a small kingdom located in what is now Ethiopia. It lay in the angle formed by the Omo and the Jimma Gibe Rivers; to the west lay the Kingdom of Jimma and to the south the Kingdom of Garo. Three mountains — Mount Bor A ...

- founded before 1600 :See: Rulers of the Janjero state of Gimirra *

Kingdom of Jimma The Kingdom of Jimma ( om, Mootummaa Jimmaa) was an Oromo people, Oromo kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century. It shared its western border with Limmu-Ennarea, its eastern border with the Sidama people, Sidamo K ...

** title Moti :See:

Rulers of the Gibe state of Jimma The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Jimma. Jimma was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 19th century. List of Rulers of the Gibe Kingdom of Jimma *Moti = ''Rulers'' *Horse names in parenthese ...

Kingdom of Kaffa The Kingdom of Kaffa was a kingdom located in what is now Ethiopia from 1390 to 1897, with its first capital at Bonga. The Gojeb River formed its northern border, beyond which lay the Gibe kingdoms; to the east the territory of the Konta and Kul ...

- foundation 1390 old Kaffa Kingdom; 1700 for new Kaffa Empire ** title: Emperor (or Kafi Atio, last two also Atiojo) ** dynasty: Bushasho dynasty, one of the Minjo families ** rulers: *** c.1390 Minjo *** 1425 - 1460 Shongetato (also known as the Girra king) *** 1460 - 1495 Odhe/Addiotato *** 1495 - 1530 Sadi ''or'' Shaddi/Shaditato *** 1530 - 1565 Madi Gafine/Gafo ''or'' Shonge, possibly the same as Borrete *** 1565 - 1605 Bong-he ''or'' Borrete ''or'' Bongatato, said to be the son of Madi Gafo *** 1605 - 1640 Giba Nekiok ''or'' Bonge ''or'' Galo Nechocho *** 1640 - 1675 Gali Gafocho ''or'' Gali Ginok *** 1675 - 1710

Gali Ginocho Gali may refer to: * Francisco Gali, a 16th-century Spanish sailor and cartographer * Gali (town), a town in Abkhazia, Georgia * Gali District, Abkhazia * Gali Municipality, Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia * Gali, Kermanshah31, a village in Kermansh ...

''or'' Tan Ginok *** 1710 - 1742 Gaki Gaocho ''or'' Otti Sheroch, Taki Gaok *** 1742 - 1775 Gali Gaocho ''or'' Kanechoch, Galli *** 1775 - 1795 Shagi Sherocho ''or'' Gali Keffoch, Sagi Saro *** 1795 - 1798 Beshi Ginocho ''or'' Kaye Sheroch, Beshi Gino *** 1798 - 1821 Hoti Gaocho ''or'' Beshi Sheroch, Oto *** 1821 - 1845 Gaha Nechocho ''or'' Gali Sheroch, Ganecho *** 1845 - 1854 Gawi Nechocho ''or'' Haji Ginoch, Gaul Saro *** 1854 - November 1870 Kaye Sherocho ''or'' Kamo *** November 1870 - April 1890 Gali Sherocho *** 6 April 1890 - 10 September 1897

Gaki Sherocho Gaki Sherocho (died 1919) was the last king of the Kingdom of Kaffa from 6 April 1890 to 10 September 1897, in what is now Ethiopia. He is usually called by the Kaffa "Chinito", the diminutive of Taten Chini ("King Chini").Amnon OrentRefocusing on ...

:Source: C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646'' (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in ''African Historical Studies'', Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268. * Leqa Naqamte - foundation before 1871, ruled

Welega Welega (also spelled Wollega; ; am, ወለጋ) was a province in western Ethiopia, with its capital city at Nekemte. It was named for the Wollega Oromo, who are the majority of the population within its boundaries. Welega was bordered on the w ...

from

Nekemte Nekemte, also spelled as Neqemte (, Amharic: ነቀምት), is a market town and separate woreda in western Ethiopia. Located in the East Welega Zone of the Oromia Region, Nekemte has a latitude and longitude of and an elevation of 2,088 meter ...

** title: Moti ** rulers: *** (until mid-1870s) Bakare *** (mid-1870s)-1889 Moroda *** 1889-1932 Kumsa Moroda (later known as Gebre Iziabiher) *

Limmu-Ennarea The Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 19th century. It shared its eastern border with the Kingdom of Jimma, its southern border with the Kingdom of Gomma and its western border wi ...

** ruling title: Supera :See: Rulers of the Gibe State of Limu-'Enarya; Innarya * Welayta - foundation 1250 (not under Tigray dynasty until 1600) ** ruling title: Kawa ** ruling dynasty: Tigray dynasty :See: Rulers of Welayta

Other

Kingdom of Zion (consisting of Tigray, Gondar, Gojjam, and Semien) under King (''

Negus Negus (Negeuce, Negoose) ( gez, ንጉሥ, ' ; cf. ti, ነጋሲ ' ) is a title in the Ethiopian Semitic languages. It denotes a monarch,

'')

Mikael of Wollo ''Negus'' Mikael of Wollo (born Mohammed Ali, 1850 – 8 September 1922), was an army commander and a member of the nobility of the Ethiopian Empire. He was the father of the "uncrowned" Emperor Lij Iyasu, and the grandfather of Empress Menen, w ...

1914 - 1916

Unidentified kingdoms or chiefdoms

The following polities are unidentified kingdoms or chiefdoms, and are not mentioned in standard references: * Leqa Qellam: foundation before 1870 ** title Moti ** rulers: *** x-188? Jote Talu * Sheka - foundation 1560 ** title: Tato ** rulers *** 1670-1740 Bedi Goechi *** 1740-1780 Giba Goechi *** 1780-1782 Tuge Nechochi *** 1782-1785 Tume Afochi *** 1785-1800 Shagi Nechochi *** 1800-1805 Bedi Nechochi *** 1805-1810 Techi Nechochi *** 1810-1820 unknown *** 1820-1850 Galli Goechi *** 1850-1887 Deji Goechi *** 1887-1898 Techi Goechi